What is meant by a conditional statement in Python?

A conditional statement in Python allows the program to execute different actions based on whether a specified condition is true or false. This capability of branching is fundamental in programming, enabling decision-making processes within a script. For example, the if statement checks a condition, and if it evaluates to true, a certain block of code will run. If the condition is false, the program can either do nothing, or execute an alternative block of code (often using else or elif). This control flow helps in creating dynamic and responsive applications that can handle various inputs and scenarios effectively.

The other options do not encapsulate the purpose of a conditional statement. Options discussing actions without conditions, variable definitions, or overall program structure do not involve the fundamental nature of condition-based execution that defines conditional statements.