Which of the following are typically included as features of OOP?

The correct answer highlights key features of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), which include inheritance, encapsulation, and modularity.

Inheritance allows classes to inherit properties and methods from other classes, promoting code reusability and establishing a natural hierarchy. This means that a subclass can extend or modify behavior from its superclass, enabling a cleaner structure and minimizing redundancy in code.

Encapsulation is the concept of bundling data and the methods that operate on that data within a single unit, or class. This protects the internal state of an object by restricting direct access to some of its components, thereby enhancing security and integrity of the data. Encapsulation also facilitates code maintenance since changes to the internal workings of a class do not affect outside code that uses the class.

Modularity refers to the practice of dividing a program into separate components or modules, each with specific responsibilities. This separation enhances the organization of code, making it more manageable and easier to debug. Modular design allows developers to break down complex systems into simpler, more understandable parts.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately represent core OOP concepts. Dynamic typing and static typing pertain more to type systems in programming languages, while procedural calls and straightforward execution relate to procedural programming paradigms rather than object